The listlabels RPC returns the list of all labels, or labels that are assigned to addresses with a specific purpose.
listlabels ( "purpose" )
*bitcoin-cli help listlabels
listlabels ( "purpose" ) Returns the list of all labels, or labels that are assigned to addresses with a specific purpose. Arguments: 1. purpose (string, optional) Address purpose to list labels for ('send','receive'). An empty string is the same as not providing this argument. Result: [ (json array) "str", (string) Label name ... ] Examples: List all labels > bitcoin-cli listlabels List labels that have receiving addresses > bitcoin-cli listlabels receive List labels that have sending addresses > bitcoin-cli listlabels send As a JSON-RPC call > curl --user myusername --data-binary '{"jsonrpc": "1.0", "id": "curltest", "method": "listlabels", "params": [receive]}' -H 'content-type: text/plain;' http://127.0.0.1:8332/