Burn Addresses (El Khatib & Legout 2025)

About this source

From the El Khatib & Legout 2025 paper, an academic dataset of validated Bitcoin burn addresses. Each entry has been verified as structurally unspendable through opcode-pattern analysis, address-encoding analysis, and chain history. We carry the validation forward verbatim: the same address that the authors marked as a burn appears here with their structural classification, our balance reconciliation, and a note where the burn has historic significance (e.g. the all-zeros 1111... burn, the OP_RETURN sigils).

How we got the data

Direct ingest from the paper's published supplementary dataset. Each row carries the burn classification, balance snapshot, and a note when present.

Why this confidence

High. The dataset's validation is rigorous and the authors' methodology is reproducible. The 0.1 reservation accounts for the rare case where an address looks structurally unspendable but has a known recovery path (e.g. P2SH addresses where the redeem script exists in old archives).

License & attribution

Academic dataset, citation required. See docs/SOURCES.md for the canonical citation form. Downstream users of /api/labels.json should attribute the burn entries to the original authors.

Sample addresses

Highest-confidence rows from this source, picked live from labels.db. Click any address to see its full /address aggregator entry.